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Continual use of augmented low-Dye taping increases arch height in standing but does not influence neuromotor control of gait.
Franettovich M, Chapman A, Blanch P, Vicenzino B. Gait Posture. 2009 Nov 25. [Epub ahead of print]
Quote:
This study investigated the effect of continual use of augmented low-Dye (ALD) taping on neuromotor control of the lower limb during gait, as well as foot posture and mobility. Twenty-eight females were randomly allocated to wear ALD tape continuously or a no-tape control for a mean 12+/-2 days. Electromyographic activity from 12 lower limb muscles, three-dimensional motion at the ankle, knee, hip and pelvis (i.e., measures of neuromotor control) and foot posture and mobility was measured before and after the tape or control interventions. For the tape group, arch height ratio (=arch height/distance from heel to first metatarsophalangeal joint line) was greater by 0.006 (95% confidence interval: 0.0002-0.01, p=0.04) following the intervention period, whereas no change was observed for the control group (-0.003 (-0.01-0.004), p=0.36). The difference between groups (0.009 (0.0004-0.02), p=0.04) equated to a 0.16cm increase in arch height for the tape group following continual use of ALD tape. There was no change in neuromotor control of gait following continual use of ALD taping (p>0.05). Continual use of ALD tape for approximately 12 days produced a small change in foot posture, but no alteration in neuromotor control. Previous literature suggests that this increase in arch height is likely to be clinically relevant and may be one factor that contributes to the known efficiency of ALD tape in the treatment of lower extremity pain and injury.
OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in muscle activity and plantar pressure during running with the application of Augmented Low Dye (ALD) taping.
BACKGROUND: ALD taping is used clinically as part of management for lower limb injury. As yet no studies have examined the effect of this taping method on muscle activity and plantar pressure during running, simultaneously.
METHODS: Thirteen healthy recreational runners (mean +/- SD age 31.7 +/- 4.9 yr; height 181.7 +/- 4.6 cm, body mass 81.6 +/- 5.9 kg). Each participant completed a 6 minute run on a treadmill at a speed of 10 km.h-1 with 3 different taping conditions (ALD, Control tape, No tape) applied in randomized order. Peak and average EMG signal amplitude, onset time and burst duration were calculated for the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), and the gluteus medius. In-shoe plantar pressures were also recorded. All data were calculated based on an average of 20 steps collected after 5 minutes of treadmill running.
RESULTS: ALD taping significantly altered muscle activity and plantar pressure during treadmill running by; 1) delaying the onset of the EMG signal of the gluteus medius, VM, and VL, and 2) increasing lateral mid foot plantar pressure.
CONCLUSION: ALD taping significantly alters plantar pressure and muscle activation patterns during treadmill running. These findings give insight into the neuromuscular effect of a taping procedure that is used commonly in a clinical setting
Context: Despite an association between foot structure and the incidence of lower limb injury in sport, few studies have measured the effects of neutral, pronated and supinated foot structures during dynamic activity. Furthermore, despite its widespread use as an injury prevention method, the effects of athletic taping on individuals with pronated and supinated foot structures are unclear.
Objectives: To explore whether individuals with pronated and supinated foot structures have poorer lower limb neuromuscular control as measured by postural stability and muscle reaction time in comparison to those with neutral feet. Additionally, the effects of athletic taping on individuals with neutral, pronated and supinated foot structures on aspects of lower limb neuromuscular control are also examined.
Subjects: All subjects used in this thesis were aged from 18 – 30 years and took part in at least two hours of exercise each week. Subjects were categorised in to groups according to navicular drop height measures; neutral 5 – 9 mm; pronated ≥ 10 mm; supinated ≤ 4 mm.
Methods: Neuromuscular control was analysed in subjects with neutral, pronated and supinated feet using dynamic postural stability and muscular reaction time measures. These measures were then repeated with four athletic taping conditions (arch tape, ankle tape, proprioceptive tape and no-tape) both before and after a period of exercise.
Results: Individuals with pronated and supinated foot structures were shown to have reduced postural stability in comparison to those with neutral foot structures during some dynamic tasks. Pronated and supinated foot structures also resulted in slower muscle reaction times in comparison to those with neutral feet during a tilt platform perturbation. No differences were identified between dominant and non-dominant limbs on subjects with neutral, pronated or supinated foot structures; however the high incidence of foot structure asymmetry did appear to result in differences between contralateral limbs in both postural stability and reaction time parameters. Arch and ankle taping resulted in increased neuromuscular control after application, yet these effects diminished after a period of exercise.
Conclusions: The results of this thesis provide evidence to suggest that foot structure does affect lower limb neuromuscular control as measured by postural stability and muscle reaction time. In addition athletic taping has been shown to affect neuromuscular control on subjects with neutral, pronated and supinated foot structures both before and after exercise. These findings may have wide implications in sport where individuals with pronated and supinated feet may be more susceptible to injury in comparison to those with neutral feet.
Low dye taping and neuromotor control
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