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If primates evolved to upright humans, how come there are still primates around? Why did some evolve and others did not?
Ted
Ted,
Primates evolved to match their environment and to fill ecological niches. Those that didn't do it well became extinct.
The primate tree has several branches. http://whozoo.org/mammals/Primates/primatephylogeny.htm
I am surprised at the question. It sounds like you do not believe in evolution.
Hey, yes, I agree they would/should. My question is if humans evolved from chimpanzees, our closest genetic relative, how come there are still chimpanzees AND humans. It makes no sense to me that some of the chimpanzees would evolve and some wouldn't. Or woulld you say that some chimpanzees filled an ecological niche but others didn't? Does this explain why we now have chimps and humans? Hmmmm...
I'm not 'creationist' in my beliefs. I am yet to come up with or hear of a satisfactory explanation for the reason why chimpanzees still exist when they were supposed to have evolved into humans.
We digress though... time to open another bottle, (or another can of worms).
Hey, yes, I agree they would/should. My question is if humans evolved from chimpanzees, our closest genetic relative, how come there are still chimpanzees AND humans. It makes no sense to me that some of the chimpanzees would evolve and some wouldn't. Or woulld you say that some chimpanzees filled an ecological niche but others didn't? Does this explain why we now have chimps and humans? Hmmmm...
I'm not 'creationist' in my beliefs. I am yet to come up with or hear of a satisfactory explanation for the reason why chimpanzees still exist when they were supposed to have evolved into humans.
We digress though... time to open another bottle, (or another can of worms).
And clarification from the journal 'Nature, May 2006' states: 'A detailed analysis of human and chimp DNA suggests the lines finally diverged less than 5.4 million years ago.'
Well, if we humans continue to evolve as quickly as this thread, we're in for exciting times!
Here is the latest from Nester et al on the movement between different foot segments:
Invasive in vivo measurement of rear-, mid- and forefoot motion during walking.
Lundgren P, Nester C, Liu A, Arndt A, Jones R, Stacoff A, Wolf P, Lundberg A. Gait Posture. 2007 Dec 18 [Epub ahead of print]
Quote:
The aim of this work was to use bone anchored external markers to describe the kinematics of the tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, medial cuneiform, first and fifth metatarsals during gait. Data were collected from six subjects. There was motion at all the joints studied. Movement between the talus and the tibia showed the expected predominance of sagittal plane motion, but the talocalcaneal joint displayed greater variability than expected in its motion. Movement at the talonavicular joint was greater than at the talocalcaneal joint and motion between the medial cuneiform and navicular was far greater than expected. Motion between the first metatarsal and the medial cuneiform was less than motion between the fifth metatarsal and cuboid. Overall the data demonstrated the complexity of the foot and the importance of the joints distal to the rearfoot in its overall dynamic function.
Hey you guys, now you are threading into my area. The columnar theory is pivotal in the understanding of the Primus Metatarus Supinatus foot and how to treat it.
Basically we divide the foot into two columns, medially and laterally. However, it is the embyological division that we (Posturologists) refer to, which comprises the talar head, navicular, medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal, and two phalanges.
During the embyological development of the foot, the unwinding of the talar head takes the entires cartilaginous medical column with it, that is, the medial column unwinds as the talar head unwinds. If the talar head does not complete its ontogenetic torsional development, the entire medial column remains in supinatus. This can result in one of two genetic foot types: (1) Primus Metatarsus Supinatus ( http://www.rothbartsfoot.info/RFS.html ), or (2) Preclinical Clubfoot Deformity ( http://www.rothbartsfoot.info/PreClinCFD.html ). You can read an abstract of this paper at http://www.rothbartsfoot.info/PMsFootType.html
If the talar head does not complete its ontogenetic torsional development, the entire medial column remains in supinatus.
This is contentious; the study of McPoil et al. disputes the statement above (McPoil, T., Cameron, J.A., Adrian, M.J.: Anatomical characteristics of the talus in relation to forefoot deformities. JAPMA 77:2 1987 pp.77-81)
Nothing contentious (as you put it) about my quote.
It appears that you have not read my paper. I say this, becasue McPoil's paper concluded that there was no relationship between ontogenetic development of the talar head and forefoot varum. I agree 100% with his conclusion. However, the foot structure that I first presented and termed Primus Metatarsus Supinatus, is an embryological foot type very very different from forefoot varum. I believe this is quite obvious after reading my paper (Rothbart BA, 2002. Medial Column Foot Systems: An Innovative Tool for Improving Posture. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies (6)1:37-46). When McPoil wrote his paper, he was unaware of PMS. This is obvious because his paper was published in 1987 and I did not write my paper until 2002. So please, when you quote someone, make sure you are quoting them accurately.
Simon, if you want to discuss this in more detail, I would be delighted to do so. However, cut the diatribes and inflammatory comments that you have been so prolific with. It is so unprofessional and unbecoming.
During the embyological development of the foot, the unwinding of the talar head takes the entires cartilaginous medical column with it, that is, the medial column unwinds as the talar head unwinds. If the talar head does not complete its ontogenetic torsional development, the entire medial column remains in supinatus. This can result in one of two genetic foot types: (1) Primus Metatarsus Supinatus ( http://www.rothbartsfoot.info/RFS.html ), or (2) Preclinical Clubfoot Deformity ( http://www.rothbartsfoot.info/PreClinCFD.html ). You can read an abstract of this paper at http://www.rothbartsfoot.info/PMsFootType.html
What I just can't understand is how you can name a type of foot after your own self, Brian. Within the 150 years of recorded medical history not a single physician, not even the many very respected and eminent physicians that are legends in foot surgery and biomechanics, ever had the audacity to name a type of foot after themselves, as you have. Not only do I think that this concept of "Rothbart's Foot", that you call it, is basically the same foot type that has been described by various authors for over the past century or more, but I also think that the whole idea that talar head frontal plane structural position contributes signficantly to the posture and function of the foot is ludicrous.
Even more disturbing is reading your various websites and your ridiculous suggestions that your insoles will cure everything from female infertility to chronic fatigue syndrome. I feel very sorry for those many people who live in chronic pain and are desperate for medical cures for their condition and waste their hard-earned money by purchasing your insoles in hopes of curing their medical condition as a result of them believing the misinformation on your websites. Unbelievable!!
__________________
Sincerely,
Kevin
**************************************************
Kevin A. Kirby, DPM
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Applied Biomechanics
California School of Podiatric Medicine at Samuel Merritt College
I just can not understand why there is so much misinformation being generated.
I, in fact, did NOT name this foot type after myself. This was done by others, and it just seemed to take off. Now Primus Metatarsus Supinatus is linked to my name all over the world.
As I suggested to Simon, when you make a statement of supposed fact, make sure your information is correct.
I just can not understand why there is so much misinformation being generated.
I, in fact, did NOT name this foot type after myself. This was done by others, and it just seemed to take off. Now Primus Metatarsus Supinatus is linked to my name all over the world.
As I suggested to Simon, when you make a statement of supposed fact, make sure your information is correct.
Give me a break! You only need to read some of your own publications where you named the foot after yourself!
__________________ Craig Payne
__________________________________________________ ___________________________________ Follow me on Twitter | Run Junkie God put me on this earth to accomplish a certain number of things - right now I am so far behind, I will never die.
I just can not understand why there is so much misinformation being generated.
I, in fact, did NOT name this foot type after myself. This was done by others, and it just seemed to take off. Now Primus Metatarsus Supinatus is linked to my name all over the world.
Brian:
The real misinformation here is what you have published on the internet. Don't play innocent here about not self-promoting yourself and promoting your Rothbart Foot Structure, when misinformation like the following pollute the world wide web (from: http://www.sportmedicina.com/postural_distortions.htm)
Quote:
POSTURAL DISTORTIONS. The Foot Connection
Brian A. Rothbart (rothbartsfoot@yahoo.com)
Guest Researcher, Instituto Superiore di Sanità di Roma
Department biomedical engineering
Keywords
Posture, Medial Column Insole, Talar Torsion, Rothbart Foot Structure (RFs) , Primus Metatarsus Supinatus (PMs), Chronic Pain Syndrome, Unleveling of the Pelvis, Shoulder Protraction, Class II Dental Occlusion.
Abstract
Rothbart described a foot in which the 1st metatarsal is structurally elevated and inverted relative to the 2nd metatarsal. He terms this foot structure Primus Metatarsus supinatus (PMs).
Rothbart suggests that PMs is the end result of a failed or incomplete unwinding of the talar head. Clinically, the 1st metatarsal and hallux are off the ground when the standing foot is placed in its anatomical neutral position. This distance between the 1st metatarsal and ground, referred to as the PMs value, is quantified using microwedges. PMs values between 10 mm and 30 mm define the Rothbart Foot structure (RFs).
RFs is biomechanically dysfunctional, demarcated by its prolonged mid-stance hyperpronation. Dynamic hyperpronation shifts the posture forward: (1) the innominates rotate anteriorly, (2) the pelvis unlevels, augmenting the scoliotic and kyphotic curves, (2) the shoulders protract, and (3) the head moves forward relative to the cervical spine. Rothbart terms this shift in posture BioImplosion which closely resembles the common compensatory pattern described by Zink and Lawson.
A medial bar (the medial column insole) has been developed which reverses BioImplosion.
__________________
Sincerely,
Kevin
**************************************************
Kevin A. Kirby, DPM
Adjunct Associate Professor
Department of Applied Biomechanics
California School of Podiatric Medicine at Samuel Merritt College
Re: Columnar Theory of Foot Function
I am yet to come up with or hear of a satisfactory explanation for the reason why chimpanzees still exist when they were supposed to have evolved into humans.
This is contentious; the study of McPoil et al. disputes the statement above (McPoil, T., Cameron, J.A., Adrian, M.J.: Anatomical characteristics of the talus in relation to forefoot deformities. JAPMA 77:2 1987 pp.77-81)
Linear Mode
