Welcome to the Podiatry Arena forums, for communication between foot health professionals about podiatry and related topics.
You are currently viewing our podiatry forum as a guest which gives you limited access to view all podiatry discussions and access our other features. By joining our free global community of Podiatrists and other interested foot health care professionals you will have access to post podiatry topics (answer and ask questions), communicate privately with other members (PM), upload content, view attachments, receive a weekly email update of new discussions, earn CPD points and access many other special features. Registered users do not get displayed the advertisments in posted messages. Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our global Podiatry community today!
If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please contact contact us.
Effect of peak pressure and pressure gradient on subsurface shear stresses in the neuropathic foot. J Biomech. 2006 May 3;
Quote:
The pressure distribution on the plantar surface of the foot may provide insights into the stresses within the subsurface tissues of patients with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (PN) who are at risk for skin breakdown. The purposes of this study were to (1) estimate the stress distribution in the subsurface soft tissue from a measured surface pressure distribution and determine any differences between values in the forefoot and rearfoot, and (2) determine the relationship between maximum shear stress (MSS) (magnitude and depth) and characteristics of the pressure distribution. The measured in-shoe pressure distributions during walking characterized by the peak plantar pressure and maximum pressure gradient on the plantar surface of the feet for 20 subjects with diabetes, PN and history of a mid foot or forefoot plantar ulcer were analyzed. The effects of peak pressure and maximum pressure gradient at the peak pressure location on the stress components in the subsurface soft tissue were studied using a potential function method to estimate the subsurface tissue stress. The calculated MSSs are larger in magnitude and located closer to the surface in the forefoot, where most skin breakdown occurs, compared to the rearfoot. In addition, the MSS (magnitude and depth) is highly correlated with the pressure gradient (r=-0.77 & 0.61) and the peak pressure (r=-0.61 & 0.91). The peak pressure and the maximum pressure gradient obtained from the surface pressure distribution appear to be important variables to identify where MSSs are located in the subsurface tissues on the plantar foot that may lead to skin break down.
Plantar shear stress distributions: Comparing actual and predicted frictional forces at the foot-ground interface.
Yavuz M, Botek G, Davis BL. J Biomech. 2007 Apr 19; [Epub ahead of print]
Quote:
Plantar shear stresses are believed to play a major role in diabetic ulceration. Due to the lack of commercial devices that can measure plantar shear distribution, a number of mathematical models have been developed to predict plantar frictional forces. This study assessed the accuracy of these models using a custom-built platform capable of measuring plantar stresses simultaneously. A total of 48 (38 healthy and 10 diabetic) human subjects (75+/-20kg, 41+/-20 years, 32 males, 16 females) were recruited in the study. Plantar force data were collected for 2s at 50Hz. Two models (M1 and M2) reported in the literature by different groups were used to predict local shear stresses. Root mean squared errors (RMSE) were calculated to compare model data with the actual data, focusing on three parameters: location, magnitude and timing of peak shear components. RMSE values of estimated peak AP and ML shear locations were 3.1 and 2.2cm for M1 and 3.1 and 2.1cm for M2, respectively. Magnitude RMS error values for M1 were found to be 86.6kPa in AP shear and 38.5kPa in ML shear, whereas these values were determined to be 97.8 and 63.5kPa, respectively by M2. Time to peak shear RMSE values averaged 17.2% in terms of the gait duration. In conclusion, distribution of plantar shear should be measured rather than predicted, particularly if one is interested in the magnitudes of shear components
Diabetic foot ulcers are known to have a biomechanical etiology. Among the mechanical factors that cause foot lesions, shear stresses have been either neglected or underestimated. The purpose of this study was to determine various plantar pressure and shear variables in the diabetic and control groups and compare them. Fifteen diabetic patients with neuropathy and 20 non-diabetic subjects without foot symptoms were recruited. Subjects walked on a custom-built platform capable of measuring local normal and tangential forces simultaneously. Pressure-time integral quantities were increased by 54% (p=0.013) in the diabetic group. Peak AP and resultant shear magnitudes were found to be about 32% larger (p<0.05), even though diabetic subjects walked at a slower velocity. Lower AP and ML stress range (peak-to-peak) values were observed in the control subjects (p<0.05). Shear-time integral values were increased in the diabetic group by 61% and 132% for AP and resultant shear cases, respectively (p<0.05). Plantar shear is known to be a factor in callus formation and has previously been associated with higher ulcer incidence. During gait, shear stresses are induced with twice the frequency of pressure characteristically. Therefore, plantar shear should be investigated further from a broader perspective including the temporal specifications and fatigue failure characteristics of the affected plantar tissue.
Pressure gradient and subsurface shear stress on the neuropathic forefoot
Donovan J. Lottab, Dequan Zoub, Michael J. Muellerab Clinical Biomechanics
Quote:
Background
Stresses within the neuropathic foot’s tissues can be estimated by pressure distributions and may provide information regarding the potential for skin breakdown. The purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the magnitude of peak plantar pressure, pressure time integral, peak pressure gradient, and peak maximum shear stress; and (2) determine the association of these variables with one another.
Methods
Forefoot peak plantar pressure, pressure time integral, peak pressure gradient, peak maximal shear stress, and depth of peak maximal shear stress were calculated for 16 controls, 16 people with diabetic neuropathy, and 22 people with diabetic neuropathy and a history of ulceration from pressure assessments.
Findings
Peak plantar pressure, pressure gradient, and maximal shear stress were greater in subjects with a history of ulceration relative to control subjects (P<0.03), pressure gradient was greater in subjects with diabetic neuropathy and a history of ulceration compared to subjects with diabetic neuropathy and no history of ulceration (P<0.02), and depth of maximal shear stress was less in both groups of subjects with diabetic neuropathy compared to controls (P<0.03). Strong relationships existed between the variables.
Interpretation
Although these variables are associated with one another, peak pressure gradient and peak maximal shear stress provide information concerning plantar pressure distribution and the potentially injurious internal stresses within the foot’s soft tissues. Peak pressure gradient and peak maximal shear stress may perhaps be more discriminating than peak plantar pressure alone in distinguishing between groups of individuals who are at risk for developing a foot ulcer.
Shear lesions are underdiagnosed by many in the podiatric community.I was at the recent wound care seminar at Columbia University and the speakers stressed repeatedlyEBRIDE al callus.I agree with this and find that without debridement,you are lessening your chances of a good outcome.
Shear stress and diabetic foot ulcers
EBRIDE al callus.I agree with this and find that without debridement,you are lessening your chances of a good outcome.
Linear Mode
