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Knee Valgus During Drop Jumps in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Female Athletes: The Effect of a Medial Post.
Joseph M, Tiberio D, Baird JL, Trojian TH, Anderson JM, Kraemer WJ, Maresh CM. Am J Sports Med. 2007 Oct 31; [Epub ahead of print]
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BACKGROUND: Female athletes land from a jump with greater knee valgus and ankle pronation/eversion. Excessive valgus and pronation have been linked to risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. A medially posted orthosis decreases component motions of knee valgus such as foot pronation/eversion and tibial internal rotation. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized a medial post would decrease knee valgus and ankle pronation/eversion during drop-jump landings in NCAA-I female athletes.
STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Knee and ankle 3-dimensional kinematics were measured using high-speed motion capture in 10 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female athletes during a drop-jump landing with and without a medial post. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in posting condition, t tests were used to determine dominant-nondominant differences, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine relationships between variables.
RESULTS: Significant differences were found for all measures in the posted condition. A medial post decreased knee valgus at initial contact (1.24 degrees , P < .01) and maximum angle (1.21 degrees , P < .01). The post also decreased ankle pronation/eversion at initial contact (0.77 degrees , P < .01) and maximum angle (0.95 degrees , P = .039).
CONCLUSION: The authors have demonstrated a significant decrease in knee valgus and ankle pronation/eversion during a drop jump with a medial post placed in the athletes' shoes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A medial post may be a potential means to decrease risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Anterior cruciate ligament injury in female and male athletes: the relationship between foot structure and injury.
Jenkins WL, Killian CB, Williams DS 3rd, Loudon J, Raedeke SG. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2007 Sep-Oct;97(5):371-6.
Quote:
BACKGROUND: It has been shown that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are more prevalent in female athletes than in male athletes. Soccer and basketball are considered high-risk sports for ACL injury in female athletes. Several studies have reported a relationship between ACL injury and measures of foot structure. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between foot structure and ACL injury rates in female and male soccer and basketball players.
METHODS: One hundred five soccer and basketball players (53 women and 52 men) were recruited and divided into an ACL-normal group (n=89) and an ACL-injured group (n=16). Two measures of foot structure (subtalar joint neutral position and navicular drop test values) were recorded for each subject. An independent t test and a paired t test were used to analyze differences in ACL status, foot structure, and sex. A chi2 analysis determined whether the prevalence of ACL injury was independent of sport.
RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found in the foot structure measures between women and men. Female soccer and basketball players had an ACL injury rate seven times that of male players.
CONCLUSIONS: Values derived from subtalar joint neutral position measurement and the navicular drop test were not associated with ACL injury in collegiate female and male soccer and basketball players.
Background: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are more prevalent in female athletes than in male athletes. Basketball is a high-risk sport for anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes. This study was conducted to observe the effect of a foot orthosis on the knee ligament injury rate in female basketball players at one US university.
Methods: One hundred fifty-five players on the women’s basketball team were observed for knee ligament injury from 1992 to 2005. Athletes in the 1992–1993 to 1995–1996 school years (July–June) did not receive a foot orthosis and served as the control group; the treatment group comprised the athletes during the 1996–1997 to 2004–2005 school years (July–June). Athletes in the treatment group received a foot orthosis before participating in basketball. Data analysis included knee ligament injury rates and a comparison of injury rates with an incidence density ratio.
Results: Athletes in the control group had three collateral ligament injuries and three anterior cruciate ligament injuries, for an injury rate of 0.50 for both the anterior cruciate ligament and collateral ligaments. Athletes in the treatment group had four collateral ligament injuries and one anterior cruciate ligament injury, for an injury rate of 0.29 for the collateral ligaments and 0.07 for the anterior cruciate ligament. Athletes in the control group were 1.72 times more likely to sustain a collateral ligament injury and 7.14 times more likely to sustain an anterior cruciate ligament injury than the treatment group.
Conclusions: Foot orthoses may contribute to a decreased knee ligament injury rate in female collegiate basketball players
The foot and ACL injury
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