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Interventions for foot disease in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review Arthritis Care & Research
Volume 53, Issue 4 , Pages 593 - 602
Quote:
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review medical and surgical foot intervention studies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), focusing on clinical efficacy, study quality, and risk of harm.
METHODS: We searched appropriate databases using a combination of the terms "rheumatoid arthritis" and "foot" against terms indicating treatment; we also hand-searched references. We selected articles in English (1968-2003) comprising randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), prospective observational studies, and large retrospective observational surgical studies (>50 cases). RCT quality was examined using Jadad scoring; other designs were assessed qualitatively.
RESULTS: Inclusion criteria were met by 33 of 894 identified studies, comprising 5 RCTs and 1 CCT (all nonsurgical), 15 prospective observational studies (8 nonsurgical, 7 surgical), and 12 large retrospective studies (all surgical). Functional, custom-designed and semirigid orthoses and extra-depth shoes were effective in single RCTs of variable quality; no comparative studies have been conducted. This finding was supported by a CCT and prospective observational studies. There was no evidence of harm. There were no controlled trials of surgery. Prospective observational studies suggest that forefoot arthroplasty and first metatarsophalangeal joint implants, but not plantar callous debridement, are effective. Comparative retrospective analyses suggest that some procedure variants may be better, and surgery may relieve pain better than orthoses. Infection was the main risk.
CONCLUSION: RCT evidence shows that orthoses and special shoes are likely to be beneficial in patients with RA. The only evidence of benefit from surgery comes from observational studies, because no RCTs have been conducted. Further RCT evidence is needed, although well-designed observational studies may be helpful.
Foot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis and relevance of foot function index
Foot deformities in rheumatoid arthritis and relevance of foot function index Clin Rheumatol. 2005 Dec 13;:1-5 [Epub ahead of print]
Quote:
The aim of this study were to assess what type of foot deformities are found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, to detect frequency of deformities, and to evaluate deformities affecting Foot Function Index (FFI) and patient functional capacity. Anteroposterior and lateral weight-bearing radiographs of 156 feet of 78 patients who had RA for >/=2 years and of 76 feet of 38 healthy controls were studied. We measured hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle between first and second (M1/2) and intermetatarsal angle between first and fifth (M1/5) on anteroposterior radiographs, and calcaneal pitch on the lateral radiographs. We examined the feet of all RA patients and healthy controls for hallux rigidus, cock-up deformity, clawing toe, and mallet finger, and measured calcaneal valgus angle. FFI, comprised of pain, disability, and activity limitation subscales, was administered to all RA patients. Their Steinbrocker Functional Class (SFC) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores were determined. We determined frequency of deformities as 96.2% in RA patients and 97.4% in controls by radiological and physical examination (p>0.05). The frequency of each deformity was markedly increased in RA patients, with the exception of calcaneal valgus deformity. There was significant correlation between SFC and HAQ with FFI and subscales (respectively, r=0.46, p=0.001; r=0.67, p=0.001). For FFI and subscales, HAQ was the most important predictor factor, followed by gender and hallux rigidus. Foot deformities are seen very frequently in RA. These deformities may affect patient functional foot, especially hallux rigidus and calcaneal valgus
Interventions for foot disease in rheumatoid arthritis
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